学术写作,尤其是英国研究生水平的学术写作,需要通过对信息的分析和整理,得出一个结论,并且用证据佐证自己的论点。引用实例和证据是英国essay深度的体现,是反应论文真实性的科学依据。今天我们来为大家介绍一下英国Essay代写中引用实例和证据必备的经典句型。
英国Essay常见的资源信息
英国Essay代写的过程,需要搜索大量的信息,进行吸收、整理和分析,初步形成自己的论点,而后对信息进行高度筛选,并且得出自己的结论。千万不要简单的罗列信息,写成一篇味同嚼蜡的流水账,更不要写成一篇洋洋洒洒的summary。
常见的学术资源信息分为两种,一种是Primary Source,可以理解为第一手资料。Primary Source的特点是证据直接,准确性、科学性强。Primary Source可以通过自己家直接经过搜集整理和直接经验所得,也可以是历史资料,比如当时的书、周刊、报纸、电影、政府资料、机构的会议记录、人物采访口述。
第二种则是Secondary Source,可以理解为是第二手资料,是二次加工的信息。Secondary Source通常是前人的研究成果,比如书籍和学术期刊上的文章。在查找文献的过程中,Secondary Source可以帮助我们打开思维,确定研究方向,我们可以从文章中的引用文献中找到写论文时可以使用的Primary Source。等到真正写论文的时候,可以将Primary Source作为主要资料,Secondary Source作为补充材料,来证实你的观点。
英国Essay引用证据的重要性
英国学术论文写作要求我们审视和评估不同信息的可信度。因此,当我们在阐述观点时,我们需要提供真实的数据和实例,同时加以详细的说明。证据和实例是构建我们的观点一个非常重要的组成部分。我们提供的说明可以强化我们的结论,更好地引导读者理解论文的内容,消除读者的疑虑。
证据和实例为我们的说明和分析打下一个稳定的基础。没有实例和证据来支撑的话,论文的结论就会缺乏可信度。因此,当你在介绍实例的,需要使用合适清楚的表达来说明这个实例如何论证你的结论。
英国Essay引用证据句型
下面我们为大家介绍引用证据和实例时最常用的句型。
介绍的信息不属于 “common knowledge”。
As [Author] indicated/ stated/ discovered
According to [Author],
Examples
As Smith indicated in a 2010 study . . .
According to Marks and Peters . . .
根据某个数据来得出结论,推论或者推测可能造成的影响。
suggests
as evidenced/ suggested/ indicated by
based on
can be seen/ observed when
as seen in
which is made apparent when
is demonstrated by/ through/ when
hinges on
Examples
The strong negative correlation suggests that . . .
As evidenced/ suggested/ indicated by their enlarged adrenal glands, patients with . . .
Based on self-reported survey results . . .
This phenomenon can be seen/ observed when wind speeds exceed . . .
As seen in the high recurrence rates of . . .
The causal link between A and B, which is made apparent when B triggers . . .
The efficacy of chocolate as a cure for unhappiness is demonstrated by survey results highlighted in . . .
This conclusion hinges on . . .
用实例来证实一个先前的叙述。
for example
for instance
by way of illustration
as an example
to clarify
to explain further
namely
to be specific
that is,
in other words,
Examples
This occurrence is rare. For example, only one in twenty . . .
It is unlikely that current population growth rates are sustainable. For instance, several major coastal cities are already suffering from . . .
By way of illustration, less than 20% of new matriculants feel prepared for . . .
As an example, when a country faces economic recession, polls indicate that over 80% of the population supports . . .
To clarify, not all government-funded facilities provide . . .
To explain further, large doses of Agent O can trigger . . .
Millennials prefer flexible work conditions, namely the ability to work remotely.
To be specific, bull markets can . . .
That is, significant and sudden drops in temperature can . . .
In other words, short bursts of high-intensity ultrasound can . . .
指出某个类别中的代表性范例。
for example/ instance
such as e.g.
one/ another example
Like
excluding
including
an example being
Examples
Typhoons are considered acts of God, for example/ instance.
The island is home to many native carnivorous plants, such as Venus flytraps.
The only known bioluminescent vertebrates are fish (e.g. the anglerfish and lantern fish).
One/ another example of this exception is . . .
I prefer outdoor sports like mountain climbing because they allow me to enjoy nature while exercising.
All mammals, excluding humans, stop drinking milk at a young age.
All stars, including our sun, . . .
Hawks feast on rodents, an example being
区分概念。
in a similar case
unlike the case of
in the same way
as a case in point
in a typical situation
in a normal scenario
Examples
In a similar case, a male patient with arthritis . . .
Unlike a single-blind study, a double-blind study reduces the risk of observer bias.
Redundancy and wordiness can be reduced in the same way: through careful editing.
As a case in point, let’s look at the situation in which . . .
In a typical situation, marsupials would . . .
In a normal scenario, cortisol suppressant effects . . .
强调某个情况来论证观点。
for example
indeed
in fact
notably
markedly
as a case in point
Examples
Indeed, since the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . . .
Ice-free habitats around Antarctica, in fact, have . . .
High carbon steel alloys, notably, undergo a transformation when . . .
Markedly, the deserts irregular rainfall levels have . . .
As a case in point, the last known male northern white rhinoceros . . .
在这里,我们需要提醒大家的是,在引用实例和证据时,必须做好引用格式,否则会有论文抄袭的嫌疑。英国Essay代写中,最常见的引用格式为哈佛引用格式。对于哈佛格式如何使用,我们另写了一篇文章介绍,强烈建议大家了解一下哈佛引用格式的使用方法。
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